Commodity Origins

Where do the world's grains come from?

Grains & cereals covers barley, chickpeas, corn, lentils, oats, quinoa, rice, sorghum, wheat. What moves them together: Weather in a handful of breadbaskets, stocks-to-use ratios, export policy, fertilizer and fuel costs, biofuel mandates, the Black Sea.

Commodities in this category

Grains & cereals commodities with top producers and latest prices
CommodityTop producersLatest price12 months
Barley
A cereal grown for animal feed and for malting into beer and whisky; the most cold-tolerant of the major grains.
Barley: world production by countryShare of world barley production: Russia 12%, Australia 9.3%, Germany 7.5%, Rest of world 71%.Russia: 12%Australia: 9.3%Germany: 7.5%Rest of world: 71%Share of world barley production: Russia 12%, Australia 9.3%, Germany 7.5%, Rest of world 71%.
Russia 12%, Australia 9%, Germany 7% (2024)		$80.4/t
Feed barley, FOB Black Sea		-40%
Chickpeas
A pulse eaten whole or milled into flour, and the base of hummus and falafel.
Chickpeas: world production by countryShare of world chickpeas production: India 65%, Australia 13%, Turkey 3.4%, Rest of world 18%.India: 65%Australia: 13%Turkey: 3.4%Rest of world: 18%Share of world chickpeas production: India 65%, Australia 13%, Turkey 3.4%, Rest of world 18%.
India 65%, Australia 13%, Turkey 3% (2024)		——
Corn
Maize: a cereal grown mostly for animal feed and ethanol, and as a staple food in Africa and Latin America.
Corn: world production by countryShare of world corn production: United States 31%, China 24%, Brazil 9.4%, Rest of world 35%.United States: 31%China: 24%Brazil: 9.4%Rest of world: 35%Share of world corn production: United States 31%, China 24%, Brazil 9.4%, Rest of world 35%.
United States 31%, China 24%, Brazil 9% (2024)		$224/t
US No. 2 yellow, Gulf export		+21%
Lentils
A fast-cooking pulse grown in dry temperate zones and traded heavily into South Asia.
Lentils: world production by countryShare of world lentils production: Canada 31%, India 23%, Australia 16%, Rest of world 30%.Canada: 31%India: 23%Australia: 16%Rest of world: 30%Share of world lentils production: Canada 31%, India 23%, Australia 16%, Rest of world 30%.
Canada 31%, India 23%, Australia 16% (2024)		——
Oats
A cool-climate cereal eaten as flakes and porridge and fed to horses and livestock.
Oats: world production by countryShare of world oats production: Canada 15%, Russia 13%, Poland 7.2%, Rest of world 64%.Canada: 15%Russia: 13%Poland: 7.2%Rest of world: 64%Share of world oats production: Canada 15%, Russia 13%, Poland 7.2%, Rest of world 64%.
Canada 15%, Russia 13%, Poland 7% (2024)		$3.35/bu
Oats, first-position futures, United States		+1%
Quinoa
A high-altitude Andean seed eaten like a grain, which went from local staple to global export crop.
Quinoa: world production by countryShare of world quinoa production: Peru 69%, Bolivia 30%, Ecuador 0.7%, Rest of world <0.1%.Peru: 69%Bolivia: 30%Ecuador: 0.7%Rest of world: <0.1%Share of world quinoa production: Peru 69%, Bolivia 30%, Ecuador 0.7%, Rest of world <0.1%.
Peru 69%, Bolivia 30%, Ecuador 1% (2024)		——
Rice
The staple grain of half the world, grown in flooded paddies and traded milled; production is counted as paddy (unmilled).
Rice: world production by countryShare of world rice production: India 27%, China 25%, Bangladesh 7.4%, Rest of world 41%.India: 27%China: 25%Bangladesh: 7.4%Rest of world: 41%Share of world rice production: India 27%, China 25%, Bangladesh 7.4%, Rest of world 41%.
India 27%, China 25%, Bangladesh 7% (2024)		$471/t
Thai 5% broken, Bangkok FOB		+26%
Sorghum
A drought-tolerant cereal eaten as a staple across the Sahel and India and fed to livestock elsewhere.
Sorghum: world production by countryShare of world sorghum production: United States 14%, Nigeria 10%, India 8.4%, Rest of world 68%.United States: 14%Nigeria: 10%India: 8.4%Rest of world: 68%Share of world sorghum production: United States 14%, Nigeria 10%, India 8.4%, Rest of world 68%.
United States 14%, Nigeria 10%, India 8% (2024)		$189.5/t
US No. 2, Gulf export		+28%
Wheat
A cereal grass whose grain is milled into flour for bread, pasta and noodles, and fed to livestock.
Wheat: world production by countryShare of world wheat production: China 18%, India 14%, Russia 10%, Rest of world 58%.China: 18%India: 14%Russia: 10%Rest of world: 58%Share of world wheat production: China 18%, India 14%, Russia 10%, Rest of world 58%.
China 18%, India 14%, Russia 10% (2024)		$330/t
US hard red winter, Gulf export		+43%

Price index since 1960

Grains & cereals monthly prices, index 2010=100, Jan 1960 to Aug 2026Line chart of grains & cereals monthly prices in index 2010=100 from Jan 1960 to Aug 2026: Grains index from 23.6 to 119.4, peaking at 169.05010015019601965197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025index 2010=100
Grains index

Source: World Bank Commodity Price Data (The Pink Sheet), monthly indices, 2010 = 100, published 2026-09-02. CC BY 4.0.

Indices are monthly averages and lag the market; informational only, not investment advice.

Data updated 17 September 2026.